In the realm of material processing, both in primary resource extraction and secondary recycling, sensor-based technologies play a pivotal role in driving innovation and increasing resource efficiency. As the journey of advancement continues, the proceedings of the 10th International Conference ‘Sensor-Based Sorting & Control 2024’ showcase the latest solutions and findings, explore new applications, and delve into the ongoing developments in this field. Submissions on the following topics were published: • Sensor-based characterization and sorting, • Sensor-based material flow monitoring, • Sensor-based process control, • Data processing and the application of machine learning algorithms, • Development of sensor technologies, • Peripherals of sensor-based technologies. The conference was organized by the Department of Anthropogenic Material Cycles (ANTS) and the Unit of Mineral Processing (AMR) from RWTH Aachen University, taking place from the 13th to 14th March 2024.